Competences

Pigments and paintings

Prehistoric pigments study from various site in the Quercy/France
Smith D.C., Bouchard M.,  Lorblanchet M., 1999, J. Raman Spectrosc. 30, 347-354
Smith D.C., Bouchard M., 2001, in La grotte de Pergouset, Ed. Lorblanchet M., Daf, Paris, 174-180

Prehistoric pigments study from the cave of Mayenne-Science/France

Pigeaud R., Bouchard M., Laval E., 2004, Gallia-Préhistoire, vol. 46
Bouchard M., Avril 1999 : Nouvelles applications de la Microscopie Raman en archéologie et en préhistoire. in Archéologia, 355, 8-9.

Prehistoric pigments study from various outdoor site in Mato Grosso/Brazil   
Smith D.C., Bouchard M., 2005, in Pré-Historia do Mato Grosso : Abrigios Rupestres de Santa Elina e da Cidade de Pedra, Ed. A. Vilhena Vialou, Universita da Sao Paulo, Brésil.

Exhaustive study of the pigments palette of Sam Francis
Bouchard M., Rivenc, R., Menke C., Learner T., 2009, e-Preservation science, 6, 27-37

Multi-analytical study of organic pigments and dyes, in particular Gardenia augusta
Canamares M-V, Leona M., Bouchard M., Grzywacz C., Wouters J., 2009, J. Raman Spectrosc, 41, 4, 391 – 397.

Fundamental study of the composition of cobalt-based pigments (blue, green, violet and yellow)
Part 1: Bouchard M., Gambardella A., 2010, J. Raman Spectrosc., visible online.

Study of the (re)-coloration campaigns on a collection of 16 to 19th century drawings (Gutierrez Collection).
Bouchard M., Trentelman K., 2008, à IRUG’2008, Vienne/Autriche.

Study of the pigments palette and fading phenomena (faedometry) on watercolors by Georgia O’Keeffe
Kronkright D., Druzik J., Trentelman K., Bouchard M., Schmidt C., Pesme C., 2010, à AIC 38th annual Meeting, Milwaukee, USA, 2010

Study of the gilding and under-painted layers on a J. P. Schor table, c.1670.
(unpublished, see the link)

Study of the original and recent pigments from venetian commode, c. 1745.
(unpublished, see the link)

Study of the numerous restoration campaigns on a polychrome terracotta by Riccio (Andrea Briosco), c. 1520.
(unpublished, see the link)

Study of the pigments on two Peruvian models (c. 900 D.C., Chimu Tardio) of the ceremonial site of Haca de la Luna
(unpublished)

Study of the mural paintings from the ceremonial Peruvian site of Haca de la Luna (200-800 D.C., culture Moche)
(unpublished)

Study of the wall painting pigments in the church of Sainte-Radegonde in Giverny, France (11-16^th c.)
(unpublished)

Study of the rock art paintings and degradation processes on the site of Canyonlands National Park/Utah/USA.
(unpublished)

Study of the gypsum preparation layers on a 17^th century polychrome sculpture. (Saint Ginés de la Jara by Luisa Roldán)
(unpublished, see the link)

Metals, corrosion

Study of modern and antic coins collections (identification of the alloys and alteration processes).
Bouchard M., Smith D.C., 2001, Asian Chemistry Letters, 5, N° 3, 157-169;
Bouchard M., 1999, in Numismatique & Change, 299, 29-31.

Non-destructive study of the corrosion products on various metallic archaeological objects.
Bouchard M., Smith D.C., in GEORAMAN and ARCHÆORAMAN : Raman Spectroscopy Applied to the Geosciences, including Geomaterials, Biomaterials and Pigments in Art and Archæology, Ed. Rull F., Smith D.C. and Edwards H.G.M., University of Valladolid.

Mineral and analytical comparative study of three polymorphs of the copper hydroxychloride (Cu₂Cl(OH)₃)
Bouchard M., Smith D.C., 2002, at Antwerp/Belgium : Art 2002, Non-destructive Testing & Microanalysis for the Diagnostics and Conservation of the Cultural & Environmental Heritage, 2-6 June 2002

Study of the electrochemical cleaning process for silver gilt tarnished objects (17^th c.).
Wolfe J., Bouchard M., Degrigny C., 2010, at Metal 2010, ICOM-CC Interim Meeting, Charleston, USA.

Elemental and comparative study of three “bronze” sculptures of St Jean Batiste (estimated 15 ^th c.) (Museums of Kimbell/USA, Saint Louis/USA & Private Coll.)
(unpublished)

In-situ analyses of ceremonial pre-Columbian objects in the Musée de l’Homme, Paris.
Bouchard M., Smith D.C., Mai 2000, dans Dossiers d’Archéologie, l’Archéométrie, les sciences appliquées à l’archéologie’, 253, 60-61.

Study of the alloy composition of two busts of popes by Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Gregory XV Ludovisi et Paul V Borghese)
(unpublished)

Study of a coffer and its stand by A-C Boulle (Lewis Walpole Library/UK).
(unpublished)

Non-invasive study of the alloy composition of 19 French « bronzes » from the 17^th-18^th centuries from of the exhibit The French Bronzes (Lespingola, Pigalle, Houdon, Anguier, etc.)
(unpublished)

Study of 4 monumental French « Bronzes », 17^th c. at the Huntington Library/USA.
(unpublished)

In-situ and non-invasive X-ray fluorescence analyses of gilt bronzes from 18^th c. European furniture in the galleries of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. (BVRB, Oeben, Carlin, Hansen, Hume, Desforges, Roentge, Pierre Langlois, etc.)
(unpublished)

X-ray fluorescence analyses of the first « Oscar » (bronze proof), Hollywood (c. 1928)
(unpublished)

Study of outdoor metallic sculptures from the Stark collection (Hepworth, Miro, Moore, Shapiro, Giacometti, Magritte, etc.)
Considine B., Wolfe J., Posner K. and Bouchard M., 2010, The Conservation of the Stark Collection, Getty Pub., Los Angeles.

Pre-acquisition study of two « bronzes » by Pietro Cipriani (c. 1722) (Dancing Faun and Venus)
(unpublished, see the link : Dancing Faun, Venus)

Gems, rocks and minerals

Building of a Raman spectral database for art and archaeological material.
Bouchard M., Smith D.C., 2003, Spectrochimica Acta A, 59, 10, 2247-2266.

Pre-acquisition study of a « Christ in Majesty », Limoges (~1188)
(unpublished, see the link)

Study of an alabaster bust by F.X. Messerschmidt (c. 1770)
(unpublished, see the link)

Multi-analytical and non-invasive study of antic and 18-19^th c. gems.
(unpublished)

Study of an early 16^th c. «Virgin and Child ».
(unpublished, see the link)

In-situ study of various pre-Columbian rock and crystal objects at the Musée de l’Homme, Paris.
Smith D.C., Bouchard M., Mai 2000, dans Dossiers d’Archéologie, l’Archéometrie, les sciences appliquées à l’archéologie’, 253, 54-59 

Pre-acquisition study of a gilt mirror, gems and diamonds (Royal mirror)
(unpublished)

Stained-glass

Technical study of stained glass and their degradation
Bouchard M., Smith, D.C, Carabatos-Nedelec C.,  2007, Spectrochimica Acta, 68, 1101-1113.
Bouchard M.,  février 2001, Les vitraux : composition et altérations. Fiches in Archéologia, 375.

Contemporary material (plastics-pigments)

Comparative study of cellulose-based material.
Schilling M., Bouchard M., Khanjian H., Learner T., Phenix A., Rivenc R., 2010, Accounts of Chemical Research, visible online.

Study of outdoor painted sculptures from the Stark collection (Calder, Leger, Lichtenstein, etc.)
Considine B., Wolfe J., Posner K. and Bouchard M., 2010, The Conservation of the Stark Collection, Getty Pub., Los Angeles/USA

Analyses of the « Portrait de Marcel Duchamp » by Antoine Pevsner and its degradation.
(unpublished, see the link)

Technical study of the printing processes of the photographs E. Weston (1886-1956), M. Mather (1885-1952) and E. S. Curtis (1868-1952).
(unpublished)

Within the PopArt program, non-invasive analyses of different kind of plastics used in modern and contemporary art.
Bouchard M., Rivenc R., Learner T., 2009, at 5th International Congress on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology, Bilbao, Portugal.

Study of the material used in a reduced architectural model by J. Lautner (1911 – 1994), Turner House, Aspen, CO/USA.
(unpublished)

Organic material

Study and set-up of a gas chromatography database for graphic document.
Bouchard, M., 1996 : La constitution des encres, papyrus et autres documents graphiques par C.P.G., Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Documents Graphiques (C.R.C.D.G), the CNRS, Paris. pp.51 + annexes.

Analyses of the multiple restoration coatings on a marble bust by F. Harwood, 1758.
(unpublished, see the link)

Study for the conservation of a Flux’movement object (G. Maciunas, Fluxmouse, 1972)
(unpublished)

Toxicology

Study and characterization of asbestos fibers in a 18^th c. book collection.
Bouchard M., Tailor K., Welch S., 2008, at AIC’2008, Denver, USA.

Study and characterization of asbestos fibers in a « magic lantern » (end of 19^th c.)
(unpublished)

Characterization of uranium in a photography using the uranotype process.
(unpublished)

Study and characterization of toxic material (As, Hg, …) in naturalized animals.
(unpublished)

General

Elemental analyses of historical or art-related copper-based material.

Non-invasive and mapping x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy applied to four kinds of art objects: metal, paintings, glasses and manuscripts.